15^th World Congress on Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery September 12-13, 2022 Paris, France

Cosmetic Surgery is a unique method which is done to enhance or to improve a person’s the appearance. It mainly focuses on the change or improvement of the human body. Cosmetic surgery can be done on all areas of the head, neck and body. cosmetic surgery is elective. Major types of cosmetic surgery include:

• Breast Enhancement
• Facial Contouring
• Body Contouring
• Skin Rejuvenation
• Surgical and Non – Surgical Aesthetic Treatment

Reconstructive surgery is performed to restore the function and normal appearance, and correct deformities created by birth, or deformities that are caused by a disease, injury or other medical conditions including cancer. Cleft lip, palate repair and breast reconstructions are examples of reconstructive surgery.

Aesthetic Medicine is a developing clinical subspecialty that uses cosmetic treatments which are minimally invasive that are aided to enhance the physical appearance by treatment for various parts of the body like scars, wrinkles, moles, liver spots, excess fat, cellulite, unwanted hair, skin discoloration etc., Non-Surgical Procedures is a practice which is done by limited physical signs and minimal downtime and mostly use traditional cosmetic procedures. 

Facial Trauma is also known as maxillofacial trauma; facial trauma refers to any injury affecting tissue or bones in the face or jaw. A maxillofacial surgeon is one who is a trained specialist in treating the entire cranio- maxillofacial complex. Oral and maxillofacial surgeries are mainly done in the field of dentistry.

Hand Trauma refers to major injuries that have been sustained to the hand. Hand trauma surgery varies according to the nature of the injury Sustained.
For Burns and skin loss, will require surgical flaps and grafts. The traumatic loss of digits may be treated by a Surgery called as Toe to Hand Surgery. Toe to hand surgery involves the microsurgical transfer of digits or a part of a skin from the foot to the hand.

Craniofacial surgery refers to a series of surgical procedures which deal with skull and its related associated structures like face, jaw, neck. Most of the patients have developmental or congenital conditions such as cleft lip or cleft palate and syndromes that affect the facial part around the eyes, ears, or jaw. It mainly involves in the treatment or the manipulation of bone. Types of craniofacial surgeries include:

• Cleft lip and palate surgery.
• Craniosynostosis surgery.
• Surgery to enlarge or reposition the midface, jaw and skull.
• Distraction osteogenesis.
• Facial reanimation.

Skin rejuvenation includes various treatments that aim to restore your skin and protect from any form of damage. Skin damage can be a result of sun exposure, an underlying health condition, or a normal sign of aging. This method mainly use laser light with high heat energy which destroys thin sections of skin. It is a process where the top layer  of the skin is removed while underlying layers get heated up which results in the growth of new collagen fibres which stimulates new skin growth which is much smoother.
Some of the major practices of skin rejuvenation and resurfacing include:

• Laser skin resurfacing
• Chemical peels
• Microdermabrasion and dermabrasion
• Microneedling
• IPL (intense pulsed light)
• Dermal fillers
• Botulinum toxin type A treatments (Botox)

It is a simple method to create extra skin that can be used to repair/replace skin on any other part of the body. It is way Similar to that of a pregnant woman skin that stretches when the baby grows inside her womb. Tissue Expansion uses a balloon which is called as an expander to stretch the skin covering it. It is most popularly used for breast Reconstruction  following the removal of breast, but it is also known to repair the skin that is damaged by any inherited faults or birth defects, accidents or surgery.

It is also referred as fat transfer or fat injections. It is the surgical process by which fat is transferred from one area of application in the body to the other area of required. This technique majorly involves the extracting of adipose fat by liposuction, processing the fat, and then re-injecting purified fat into the area needing improvement. Major techniques of Fat Grafting include:

• Adipose tissue processing
• Autologous fat grafting
• Stromal vascular fraction
• Cell-supplemented lipotransfer

It is a type of surgery which involves the application or transplantation of a patient's own tissue, sometimes skin, fat, muscle or bone to rebuild/repair another part of the body. It is the most commonly applied method when areas of tissue have been injured, removed or damaged during surgery, often after trauma or cancer treatment. This type of procedure is called microsurgery because it is performed on a tiny scale with the aid of magnifying tools such as Microscope.

Gender reassignment surgery is a surgical technique that allows people with gender dysphoria to permanently alter their body parts associated with their biological sex.
It is also possible to change one's physical appearance by taking hormones more from the other sex. This will make them look more like the opposite sex. For example, females will take androgens and might start growing Facial hair. Males will take oestrogen and Female sex hormones, which will make them look more feminine. Surgery for Males transitioning into Female will have their testicles and penis removed.
Surgery for females transitioning to males is more complicated and most expensive. Female Organs like breasts, ovaries, and uterus are removed and the vagina is closed. A penis and scrotum sac will be made from other tissue.

Recent advancements in cosmetic surgery have been rapid and ample of new techniques are developed. Reconstructive surgery methods have been advanced by a better understanding with the subsequent aid and development of the use of axial flaps, musculocutaneous flaps and neurosensory flaps.